Program

Lectures and Seminars

•         Introduction to TF – Basic concepts and vocabulary (quality, certification, traceability etc), and technical issues (oscillators, frequency standards, accuracy, stability, phase noise, jitter, physical environment, etc.).

•         Measurement methods and experimental techniques – Spectra (phase noise and L(f), amplitude noise), variances, frequency measurement and comparison.

•         Atomic clocks – Physics, traditional clocks (atomic beam, vapor cell, and maser), cold atoms, optical clocks, small-size clocks.

•         Oscillators – RF/microwave, cavity-stabilized lasers, optical frequency combs.

•         Timing and applications – Time scales, navigation, frequency transfer and synchronization.

•         Physics, applications, and trends.

•         Classroom work – Attendees work on paper, on spectra, variances, and uncertainty.

 

•         Laboratory sessions – Frequency stability and AM/PM noise, resonators and oscillators, timing and synchronization, vapor cell clocks, cold atoms, etc.  Every day, the attendees will do real experiments and measurements.